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<languages/>
{{PD Help Page}}
{{See also|Help:Advanced editing}}<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
You can format your text by using wiki markup. This consists of normal characters like asterisks, apostrophes, or equal signs which have a special function in the wiki, sometimes depending on their position. For example, to format a word in ''italic'', you include it in two pairs of apostrophes like <code><nowiki>''this''</nowiki></code>.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Text formatting markup ==
</div>
{| class="wikitable"
! Description
! style="width: 40%;" | You type
! style="width: 40%;" | You get
|-
! colspan="3" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122); background: var(--background-color-progressive-subtle--active, #b6d4fb)" | {{anchor|Character formatting}}Character (inline) formatting – ''applies anywhere''
|-
| Italic text
| {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
''italic''
|lang=wikitext}}
|
''italic''
|-
| Bold text
| {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
'''bold'''
|lang=wikitext}}
|
'''bold'''
|-
| Bold and italic
| {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
'''''bold & italic'''''
|lang=wikitext}}
|
'''''bold & italic'''''
{{Table-AnchorRow|colspan=3|nowiki|&lt;nowiki&gt;|.3Cnowiki.3E}}
|-
| Escape wiki markup
| {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|

{{^(}}nowiki{{)^}}no [[wiki]] ''markup''{{^(}}/nowiki{{)^}}
|lang=wikitext}}
|
<nowiki>no [[wiki]] ''markup''</nowiki>
|-
! colspan="3" style="color: var(--color-base, #202122); background: var(--background-color-progressive-subtle--active, #b6d4fb)" | {{anchor|Section formatting}}Section formatting – ''only at the beginning of the line''
|-
| Section Headings of different levels
| {{anchor|headings}}{{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
== Level 2 ==

=== Level 3 ===

==== Level 4 ====

===== Level 5 =====

====== Level 6 ======
|lang=wikitext}}
----
{{note|1=<nowiki/>
* [[Help talk:Formatting#Level_1|Skip Level 1]], it is page name level.
* Do not put any text on the same line after the ending equal signs.
* An article with 4 or more headings automatically creates a [[w:Help:Section#Table of contents (TOC)|table of contents]] (unless setting the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki></code>).
}}
|

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<h2>Level 2</h2>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<h3>Level 3</h3>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<h4>Level 4</h4>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<h5>Level 5</h5>
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<h6>Level 6</h6>
</div>
|-
| Horizontal rule
| {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
Text before
----
Text after
|lang=wikitext}}
|
Text before
----
Text after
|-
| Bullet list
| {{anchor|bulleted-lists}}
{{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
* Start each line
* with an [[Wikipedia:asterisk|asterisk]] (*).
** More asterisks give deeper
*** and deeper levels.
* Line breaks don't break levels.
*** But jumping levels creates empty space.
Any other start ends the list.

* combine bullet list
** with definition 
:: - definition
** creates empty space

* combine bullet list
** with definition 
*: - definition
** without empty spaces

* bullet list
: - definition
:* sublist that doesn't create empty
:* spaces after definition
|lang=wikitext}}
|
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* Start each line
* with an [[Wikipedia:asterisk|asterisk]] (*).
** More asterisks give deeper
*** and deeper levels.
* Line breaks don't break levels.
*** But jumping levels creates empty space.
Any other start ends the list.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* combine bullet list
** with definition 
::- definition
** creates empty space
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* combine bullet list
** with definition 
*:- definition
** without empty spaces
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
*bullet list
:- definition
:* sublist that doesn't create empty
:* spaces after definition
</div>
|-
| Numbered list
| {{anchor|numbered-list}}
{{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
# Start each line
# with a [[Wikipedia:Number_sign|number sign]] (#).
## More number signs give deeper
### and deeper
### levels.
# Line breaks don't break levels.
### But jumping levels creates empty space.
# Blank lines

# end the list and start another.
Any other start also
ends the list.

{{^(}}nowiki{{)^}}#{{^(}}/nowiki{{)^}} use "nowiki" tags to display a literal (#) at the beginning of a line without interpreting it as a numbered list.
|lang=wikitext}}
|
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# Start each line
# with a [[Wikipedia:Number_sign|number sign]] (#).
## More number signs give deeper
### and deeper
### levels.
# Line breaks don't break levels.
### But jumping levels creates empty space.
# Blank lines
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# end the list and start another.
Any other start also
ends the list.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
<nowiki>#</nowiki> use "nowiki" tags to display a literal (#) at the beginning of a line without interpreting it as a numbered list.
</div>
{{Table-AnchorRow|colspan=3|Definition list}}
|-
| Description list
| {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
; item 1
: definition 1
; item 2
: definition 2-1
: definition 2-2
|lang=wikitext}}
{{note|1=At the end of the line, if the line begins with a semicolon (;), any inserted colon (:) will not be displayed. If you want for the colon to be displayed, escape it by writing <code>&amp;#58;</code>.}}
|
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
; item 1
: definition 1
; item 2
: definition 2-1
: definition 2-2
</div>
|-
| Description details without description terms
| {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
: Description details
:: Nested description details
::::: Deeply nested description details
|lang=wikitext}}
----
{{Note|1=This is often used as a workaround for indenting the line, but it will harm accessibility and produce invalid HTML output. Using CSS for visual indentation is a far more preferable approach (e.g. {{tl|indent}}).}}
|
: Description details
:: Nested description details
::::: Deeply nested description details
|-
| Mixture of different types of list
| {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
# one
# two
#* two point one
#* two point two
# three
#; three item one
#: three def one
# four
#: four def one
#: this looks like a continuation
#: and is often used
#: instead of <nowiki> </nowiki>
# five
## five sub 1
### five sub 1 sub 1
## five sub 2
|lang=wikitext}}
----
{{note|1=The usage of <code>#:</code> and <code>*:</code> for breaking a line is as problematic as the usage of single <code>:</code>.}}
|
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
# one
# two
#* two point one
#* two point two
# three
#; three item one
#: three def one
# four
#: four def one
#: this looks like a continuation
#: and is often used
#: instead of <nowiki> </nowiki>
# five
## five sub 1
### five sub 1 sub 1
## five sub 2
</div>
|-
| {{anchor|Preformatted text}}Preformatted text
| {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
 Start each line with a space.
 Text is '''preformatted''' and
 ''markups'' '''''can''''' be done.
|lang=wikitext}}
----
{{note|1=This way of preformatting only applies to [[#Section formatting|section formatting]]. [[#Character formatting|Character formatting]] markups are still effective.}}
|
 Start each line with a space.
 Text is '''preformatted''' and
 ''markups'' '''''can''''' be done.
|-
| Preformatted text blocks
| {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
 {{^(}}nowiki{{)^}}Start with a space in the first column,
(before the {{^(}}nowiki{{)^}}).

Then your block format will be
    maintained.

This is good for copying in code blocks:

def function():
    """documentation string"""

if True:
        print True
    else:
        print False{{^(}}/nowiki{{)^}}
|lang=wikitext}}
|
 {{#tag:nowiki|Start with a space in the first column,
(before the &lt;nowiki&gt;).

Then your block format will be
    maintained.

This is good for copying in code blocks:

def function():
    """documentation string"""

if True:
        print True
    else:
        print False
}}
|}

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Paragraphs ==
</div>
{{anchor|&lt;br&gt;|.3Cbr.3E}}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
MediaWiki ignores single line breaks. To start a new paragraph, leave an empty line. You can force a line break within a paragraph with the HTML tag {{tag|br|single}}.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== HTML tags ==
</div>
{{anchor|&lt;div&gt;|.3Cdiv.3E|&lt;span&gt;|.3Cspan.3E}}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Some [[w:HTML|HTML]] tags are allowed in MediaWiki, for example {{tag|code|open}}, [[w:Div and span|{{tag|div|open}}, and {{tag|span|open}}]]. These apply anywhere you insert them.
</div>
{| class="wikitable"
! Description
! style="width: 40%;" | You type
! style="width: 40%;" | You get
{{Table-AnchorRow|colspan=3|&lt;ins&gt;|.3Cins.3E|&lt;u&gt;|.3Cu.3E}}
|-
| Inserted (Displays as underline in most browsers)
| {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
<ins>Inserted</ins>

or

Underline
|lang=wikitext}}
|
<ins>Inserted</ins>

or

Underline
{{Table-AnchorRow|colspan=3|&lt;del&gt;|.3Cdel.3E|&lt;s&gt;|.3Cs.3E}}
|-
| Deleted (Displays as strike-through in most browsers)
| {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
<s>Strike-through</s>

or

<del>Deleted</del>
|lang=wikitext}}
|
<s>Strike-through</s>

or

<del>Deleted</del>
{{Table-AnchorRow|colspan=3|&lt;code&gt;|.3Ccode.3E}}
|-
| Fixed width text
| <syntaxhighlight lang=html><code>Source code</code></syntaxhighlight>
| <code>Source code</code>
{{Table-AnchorRow|colspan=3|&lt;blockquote&gt;|.3Cblockquote.3E}}
|-
| Blockquotes
| {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
Text before
<blockquote>Blockquote</blockquote>
Text after
|lang=wikitext}}
{{Note|1=If the quote contains multiple paragraphs the tags need to be on separate lines to display properly, i.e.:
{{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
<blockquote>
First paragraph.

Second paragraph.
</blockquote>
|lang=wikitext}}
{{Tracked|T309778|float=none}}
}}
|
Text before
<blockquote>Blockquote</blockquote>
Text after
{{Table-AnchorRow|colspan=3|&lt;q&gt;|.3Cq.3E}}
|-
| Quotes
| {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
<q>This is a quotation</q>
|lang=wikitext}}
{{Note|1=The q element '''must not''' be used in place of quotation marks that do not represent quotes; for example, it is inappropriate to use the q element for marking up sarcastic statements.<ref>[https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-q-element HTML Living Standard—The &lt;'''q'''&gt; element]</ref>}}
| <q>This is a quotation</q>
|-
| Comment
| {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
{{^(}}!-- This is a comment --{{)^}}
Comments are visible only 
in the edit zone.
|lang=wikitext}}
|
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">

Comments are visible only 
in the edit zone.
</div>
{{Table-AnchorRow|colspan=3|&lt;pre&gt;|.3Cpre.3E}}
|-
| Completely preformatted text
| {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
{{^(}}pre{{)^}}
Text is '''preformatted''' and 
''markups'' '''''cannot''''' be done
{{^(}}/pre{{)^}}
|lang=wikitext}}
----
{{note|1=For marking up of preformatted text, check the "Preformatted text" entry at the end of the previous table.}} 
|
{{#tag:pre|
Text is '''preformatted''' and 
''markups'' '''''cannot''''' be done
}}
|-
| '''Customized''' preformatted text
| {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
{{^(}}pre style="color: red"{{)^}}
Text is '''preformatted''' 
with a style and 
''markups'' '''''cannot''''' be done
{{^(}}/pre{{)^}}
|lang=wikitext}}
----
{{note|1=A CSS style can be named within the <code>style</code> attribute.}}
|
{{#tag:pre|
Text is '''preformatted''' 
with a style and 
''markups'' '''''cannot''''' be done
|style=color: red}}
|}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
continued:
</div>
{| class="wikitable" | style="table-layout: fixed; width: 100%"
! Description
! style="width: 40%;" | You type
! style="width: 40%;" | You get
|-
| '''Default''' preformatted text has a CSS attribute (<code>white-space: pre-wrap;</code>) to wrap the text according to available width
| {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
{{^(}}pre{{)^}}
This long sentence is used to demonstrate text wrapping. This additional sentence makes the text even longer. This additional sentence makes the text even longer.
{{^(}}/pre{{)^}}
|lang=wikitext}}
|
{{#tag:pre|
This long sentence is used to demonstrate text wrapping. This additional sentence makes the text even longer. This additional sentence makes the text even longer.
|}}
|-
| '''Customized''' preformatted text with '''disabled''' text wrapping
| {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|
{{^(}}pre style="white-space: pre;"{{)^}}
This long sentence is used to demonstrate text wrapping. This additional sentence makes the text even longer. This additional sentence makes the text even longer.
{{^(}}/pre{{)^}}
|lang=wikitext}}
|
{{#tag:pre|
This long sentence is used to demonstrate text wrapping. This additional sentence makes the text even longer. This additional sentence makes the text even longer.
|style=white-space: pre;}}
|}

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
The full list of recognized tags is given on {{ll|Help:HTML in wikitext}}.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Inserting symbols ==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Symbols and other special characters not available on your keyboard can be inserted in a multitude of ways. [http://www.howtogeek.com/210824/how-to-quickly-type-special-characters-on-any-computer-smartphone-or-tablet/ Many operating systems and browsers allow to insert special characters] through a menu option or operating system panel. Additionally, you can use the WikiEditor or [[Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Special characters|VisualEditor]] to insert them into the edit screen.
</div>

As a last resort, you can use a special sequence of characters.
Those sequences are called [https://developer.mozilla.org/docs/Glossary/Character_reference HTML character references].
For example:

* the rightwards [[w:Arrow (symbol)|arrow symbol]] (<code>&rarr;</code>) can be displayed using the <code>&amp;rarr;</code> sequence
* an [[w:Dash#Em dash|em dash]] (<code>&mdash;</code>) can be displayed using <code>&amp;mdash;</code>.
----
{{note|1=Hover over any symbol to reveal the entity that produces it. Some symbols not available in the current font will appear as empty squares.}}

{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;"
|+ HTML symbol entities
|-
| &Aacute;
| &aacute;
| &Acirc;
| &acirc;
| &acute;
| &AElig;
| &aelig;
| &Agrave;
| &agrave;
| &alefsym;
| &Alpha;
| &alpha;
| &amp;
| &and;
| &ang;
| &Aring;
| &aring;
| &asymp;
| &Atilde;
| &atilde;
| &Auml;
| &auml;
| &bdquo;
| &Beta;
| &beta;
| &brvbar;
| &bull;
| &cap;
| &Ccedil;
| &ccedil;
| &cedil;
| &cent;
|-
| &Chi;
| &chi;
| &circ;
| &clubs;
| &cong;
| &copy;
| &crarr;
| &cup;
| &curren;
| &dagger;
| &Dagger;
| &darr;
| &dArr;
| &deg;
| &Delta;
| &delta;
| &diams;
| &divide;
| &Eacute;
| &eacute;
| &Ecirc;
| &ecirc;
| &Egrave;
| &egrave;
| &empty;
| &emsp;
| &ensp;
| &Epsilon;
| &epsilon;
| &equiv;
| &Eta;
| &eta;
|-
| &ETH;
| &eth;
| &Euml;
| &euml;
| &euro;
| &exist;
| &fnof;
| &forall;
| &frac12;
| &frac14;
| &frac34;
| &frasl;
| &Gamma;
| &gamma;
| &ge;
| &gt;
| &harr;
| &hArr;
| &hearts;
| &hellip;
| &Iacute;
| &iacute;
| &Icirc;
| &icirc;
| &iexcl;
| &Igrave;
| &igrave;
| &image;
| &infin;
| &int;
| &Iota;
| &iota;
|-
| &iquest;
| &isin;
| &Iuml;
| &iuml;
| &Kappa;
| &kappa;
| &Lambda;
| &lambda;
| &lang;
| &laquo;
| &larr;
| &lArr;
| &lceil;
| &ldquo;
| &le;
| &lfloor;
| &lowast;
| &loz;
| &lrm;
| &lsaquo;
| &lsquo;
| &lt;
| &macr;
| &mdash;
| &micro;
| &middot;
| &minus;
| &Mu;
| &mu;
| &nabla;
| &nbsp;
| &ndash;
|-
| &ne;
| &ni;
| &not;
| &notin;
| &nsub;
| &Ntilde;
| &ntilde;
| &Nu;
| &nu;
| &Oacute;
| &oacute;
| &Ocirc;
| &ocirc;
| &OElig;
| &oelig;
| &Ograve;
| &ograve;
| &oline;
| &Omega;
| &omega;
| &Omicron;
| &omicron;
| &oplus;
| &or;
| &ordf;
| &ordm;
| &Oslash;
| &oslash;
| &Otilde;
| &otilde;
| &otimes;
| &Ouml;
|-
| &ouml;
| &para;
| &part;
| &permil;
| &perp;
| &Phi;
| &phi;
| &Pi;
| &pi;
| &piv;
| &plusmn;
| &pound;
| &prime;
| &Prime;
| &prod;
| &prop;
| &Psi;
| &psi;
| &quot;
| &radic;
| &rang;
| &raquo;
| &rarr;
| &rArr;
| &rceil;
| &rdquo;
| &real;
| &reg;
| &rfloor;
| &Rho;
| &rho;
| &rlm;
|-
| &rsaquo;
| &rsquo;
| &sbquo;
| &Scaron;
| &scaron;
| &sdot;
| &sect;
| &shy;
| &Sigma;
| &sigma;
| &sigmaf;
| &sim;
| &spades;
| &sub;
| &sube;
| &sum;
| &sup;
| &sup1;
| &sup2;
| &sup3;
| &supe;
| &szlig;
| &Tau;
| &tau;
| &there4;
| &Theta;
| &theta;
| &thetasym;
| &thinsp;
| &THORN;
| &thorn;
| &tilde;
|-
| &times;
| &trade;
| &Uacute;
| &uacute;
| &uarr;
| &uArr;
| &Ucirc;
| &ucirc;
| &Ugrave;
| &ugrave;
| &uml;
| &upsih;
| &Upsilon;
| &upsilon;
| &Uuml;
| &uuml;
| &weierp;
| &Xi;
| &xi;
| &Yacute;
| &yacute;
| &yen;
| &yuml;
| &Yuml;
| &Zeta;
| &zeta;
| &zwj;
| &zwnj;
|}

{| class="wikitable"
! Description
! style="width: 40%;" | You type
! style="width: 40%;" | You get
|-
| Copyright symbol
|class=mw-code| &amp;copy;
|
:::'''&copy;'''
|-
| Greek delta letter symbol
|class=mw-code|&amp;delta;
|
:::'''&delta;'''
|-
| Euro currency symbol
|class=mw-code|&amp;euro;
|
:::'''&euro;'''
|}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
See the list of all HTML entities on the Wikipedia article [[w:List of HTML entities|List of HTML entities]]. Additionally, MediaWiki supports two non-standard entity reference sequences: <code>&amp;רלמ;</code> and <code>&amp;رلم;</code> which are both considered equivalent to <code>&amp;rlm;</code> which is a [[w:Right-to-left mark|right-to-left mark]]. (Used when combining right to left languages with left to right languages in the same page.)
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== HTML tags and symbol entities displayed themselves (with and without interpreting them) ==
</div>

: <syntaxhighlight lang=html inline>&amp;euro;</syntaxhighlight> &nbsp;&rarr; '''&amp;euro;'''
: {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|Typo to be corrected|lang=wikitext|inline=}} &nbsp;&rarr; '''Typo to be corrected'''
: {{#tag:syntaxhighlight|&lt;span style="color: red; text-decoration: line-through;">Typo to be corrected|lang=wikitext|inline=}} &nbsp;&rarr; '''&lt;span style="color: red; text-decoration: line-through;">Typo to be corrected&lt;/span>'''

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=== Nowiki for HTML ===
</div>
{{tag|nowiki|s}} can prohibit (HTML) tags:
* <nowiki><<</nowiki>nowiki/>pre> &nbsp;&rarr; <<nowiki/>pre>
But ''not'' &amp; symbol escapes:
* &<<nowiki/>nowiki/>amp; &nbsp;&rarr; &<nowiki/>amp;
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
To print &amp; symbol escapes as text, use "<syntaxhighlight inline lang="html">&amp;</syntaxhighlight>" to replace the "&" character (eg. type "<syntaxhighlight inline lang="html">&amp;nbsp;</syntaxhighlight>", which results in "<syntaxhighlight inline lang="html">&nbsp;</syntaxhighlight>").
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Other formatting ==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Beyond the text formatting markup shown hereinbefore, here are some other formatting references:
</div>

* {{ll|Help:Links}}
* {{ll|Help:Lists}}
* {{ll|Help:Images}}
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* Language converter markup – see {{ll|Writing systems/Syntax}}
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* References – see {{ll|Extension:Cite}}
* [[Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables|Tables]]
</div>
* {{ll|Manual:Collapsible_elements}}

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
You can find more references at {{ll|Help:Contents}}.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== References ==
</div>
<references/>

[[Category:Help{{#translation:}}|Formatting]]