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<languages/>
{{PD Help Page}}
::''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">See {{ll|Help:Range blocks/IPv6}} for information on IPv6 range blocks.</span>''

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">'''Range blocks''' are technical restrictions applied through [[Special:Block]] to a group of [[w:IP addresses|IP addresses]] that prevent them from editing, creating new accounts, sending email through the wiki interface, etc.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">If you check the box "{{int|ipb-hardblock}}", edits from registered accounts will also be disabled while they are connecting from the blocked range.</span>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
To block an IP range from [[Special:Block]], enter the first IP address in the range followed by a forward slash and a [[w:Classless inter-domain routing|Classless inter-domain routing]] (CIDR) suffix.
</div>
'''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You should avoid performing range blocks unless you understand what you are doing, or you may end up blocking tens of thousands or even millions of people who are not the problem!</span>'''

'''<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This article mainly discusses [[w:IPv4|IPv4]]; [[w:IPv6|IPv6]] blocks work similarly, but have different implications—see [[Special:MyLanguage/Help:Range blocks/IPv6|/IPv6]].</span>'''

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Non-technical explanation ==
</div>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">IP addresses are broken up into blocks of numbers.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">An example of this would be <code>148.20.57.0</code> through to <code>148.20.57.255</code>.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Once it reaches <code>255</code> the next number is <code>148.20.58.0</code>.</span>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">IP addresses can be broken up in to smaller or larger blocks.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The smallest practical block is a block of 4.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This could be one of the following:</span>

:<code>148.20.57.0 - 148.20.57.3</code>,
:<code>148.20.57.4 - 148.20.57.7</code>,
:<code>148.20.57.8 - 148.20.57.11</code>, ...

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Of each block of 4 numbers, only two can be assigned to a computer.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The first and last numbers of any block are reserved for network communication.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">These are level 30 blocks and can be expressed like this:</span>

:<code>148.20.57.0/30</code>,
:<code>148.20.57.4/30</code>,
:<code>148.20.57.8/30</code>, ...

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The next largest block is 8.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">They can be as follows:</span>

:<code>148.20.57.0 - 148.20.57.7</code>,
:<code>148.20.57.8 - 148.20.57.15</code>,
:<code>148.20.57.16 - 148.20.57.23</code>, ...

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">In this block of 8 numbers only 6 can be assigned to a computer as, once again, the first and last numbers in a block are reserved for specific uses in network communication.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">These can also be expressed as follows:</span>

:<code>148.20.57.0/29</code>,
:<code>148.20.57.8/29</code>,
:<code>148.20.57.16/29</code>, ...

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
From this point on, the number of IP addresses in a block continues to double: 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, etc.
</div>

:<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A block of 16 would start <code>148.20.57.0/28</code>.</span>
:<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A block of 32 would start <code>148.20.57.0/27</code>.</span>
:<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A block of 64 would start <code>148.20.57.0/26</code>.</span>
:<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A block of 128 would start <code>148.20.57.0/25</code>.</span>
:<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">A block of 256 would start <code>148.20.57.0/24</code>.</span>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">So if you have an IP address and you want to block the range assigned how do you know which one to use?</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Let's say you have a problem with <code>148.20.57.34</code>.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can look up who has this IP address at http://arin.net/whois/?queryinput=148.20.57.34.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Say this tells us that this IP address is assigned, along with a LOT of others in a <code>/17</code> range, to the Department of Defense.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">We certainly don't want to block a large block of the DoD!</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The rule of thumb is block as little as possible.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Only block a range if there is a cluster of IP addresses giving a problem.</span>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
There's a calculator that is very useful for this:
</div>

:[[toolforge:ftools/general/ip-range-calc.html]]

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Go to this site and enter <code>148.20.57.34</code> into the first set of blanks.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Now select ''Network Prefix Length'' and enter <code>27</code> (this will give a block of 32 addresses) and click on ''Calculate Network Information''.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This will show us a block of 32 IP addresses that include <code>148.20.57.34</code>.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">(The first address (network address) and the last address (broadcast address) will be displayed along with the usable addresses in the range.)</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can use this tool to test ranges to be sure they are what you want before entering the information to initiate the block.</span>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Technical explanation ==
</div>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">CIDR notation is written as the IP address, a slash, and the CIDR suffix (for example, the IPv4 "<code>10.2.3.41/24</code>" or IPv6 "<code>a3:bc00::/24</code>").</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The CIDR suffix is the number of starting digits every IP address in the range have in common when written in binary.</span>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">For example: "<code>10.10.1.32</code>" is binary "<code>00001010.00001010.00000001.00100000</code>", so <code>10.10.1.32/27</code> will match the first 27 digits ("<code><u>00001010</u>.<u>00001010</u>.<u>00000001</u>.<u>001</u>00000</code>").</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The IP addresses <code>10.10.1.32</code>–<code>10.10.1.63</code>, when converted to binary, all have the same 27 first digits and will be blocked if <code>10.10.1.32/27</code> is blocked.</span>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">As the CIDR suffix increases, the block affects fewer IP addresses (see [[#Table of sample ranges|table of sample ranges]]).</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">CIDR suffixes are not the same for IPv4 addresses as they are for IPv6 addresses; the same CIDR suffix in IPv4 blocks <math>2^{96}</math>=79,228,162,514,264,337,593,543,950,336 times as many addresses in IPv6.</span>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Calculating the CIDR suffix ==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
You can use the [[#Table of sample ranges|table of sample ranges]] below to guess the range, use a computer script, or manually calculate the range.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=== Conversion to binary ===
</div>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The first step in manually calculating a range is to convert the first and last IP address to binary representation.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">(This assumes you're not using a computer script, which can probably calculate the range for you anyway.)</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">An IP address is composed of four groups of eight ones and zeros.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Each group represents a number from 0 to 255.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">To convert a number to binary, you can use a reference table or know the value of each binary digit:</span>

{|
| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Binary digit</span>:
| <code>&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1</code>
|-
| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Value</span>:
| <code>128&nbsp;&nbsp;64&nbsp;&nbsp;32&nbsp;&nbsp;16&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;8&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1</code>
|}

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Proceeding from left to right, fill in <code>1</code> if the number is at least that value, and subtract that value (if it's not, fill in <code>0</code> and don't subtract).</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">For example, to calculate 240:</span>

# <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">240 is at least 128, so place <code>1</code> and subtract 128.</span>
# <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">112 (240-128) is at least 64, so place <code>1</code> and subtract 64.</span>
# <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">48 (112-64) is at least 32, so place <code>1</code> and subtract 32.</span>
# <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">16 (48-32) is at least 16, so place <code>1</code> and subtract 16.</span>
# <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Since the remaining value is zero, all the remaining places are <code>0</code>.</span>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Thus, 240 is <code>1111 0000</code> because it can be represented as 128+64+32+16+0+0+0+0.
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=== Calculate range ===
</div>
# <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Place both IP addresses one atop the other, and count how many starting digits are exactly alike.</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">This is the CIDR suffix.</span>
# <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Double-check!</span> <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Being off by one digit could extend your block by thousands of addresses.</span>

<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The example below calculates the CIDR range between <code>69.208.0.0</code> and <code>69.208.0.255</code>.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Note that this is a simple example; some groups of IP addresses do not so neatly fit CIDR suffixes, and need multiple different-sized blocks to block the exact range.</span>

:<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">IP addresses</span>:
:<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;69.208.0.0</code>
:<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;69.208.0.255</code>

:<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Convert to binary</span>:
:<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;0100 0101.1101 0000.0000 0000.0000 0000</code>
:<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;0100 0101.1101 0000.0000 0000.1111 1111</code>

:<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Count identical first numbers</span>:
:<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''0100 0101.1101 0000.0000 0000'''.0000 0000</code>
:<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;'''0100 0101.1101 0000.0000 0000'''.1111 1111</code>
:<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;|____________________________|</code>
:<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">24 digits</span></code>

:<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">CIDR range</span>:
:<code>&nbsp;&nbsp;69.208.0.0/24</code>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Range table ==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=== Legend ===
</div>
{|class="wikitable"
|-style="color:maroon;"
| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">No organization would ever receive an allocation of this size</span>
|-style="color:red;"
| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Very large organizations/ISP allocatable sizes</span>
|-style="color:orange;"
| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">(large) organizations rent/buyable/allocatable sizes</span>
|-style="color:green;"
| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">End-user rent/buyable sizes</span>
|-style="color:black;"
| <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Single address</span>
|-
|}

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
=== Table of sample ranges ===
</div>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The table below shows the IPv4 blocks each CIDR suffix affects.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Note that MediaWiki only supports blocking CIDR suffixes 16 - 32 in IPv4 and 19 (formerly 64) - 128 in IPv6 by default (subject to {{ll|Manual:$wgBlockCIDRLimit|$wgBlockCIDRLimit}}).</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">See [[Special:MyLanguage/Help:Range blocks/IPv6|/IPv6]] for an IPv6 range table.</span>

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" align=center
|+<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Example IPv4 ranges</span>
!scope="col" | CIDR
!scope="col" | <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Start Range</span>
!scope="col" | <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">End Range</span>
!scope="col" | <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Total addresses</span>
!scope="col" | <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Total /24 subnets</span>
!scope="col" | <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Bits selected in IP address</span>
|- style="color:maroon; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/0'''
| 0.0.0.0
| 255.255.255.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:4294967296}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:16777216}}
| ********.********.********.********
|- style="color:maroon; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/1'''
| 0.0.0.0
| 127.255.255.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:2147483648}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:8388608}}
| 0*******.********.********.********
|- style="color:maroon; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/2'''
| 64.0.0.0
| 127.255.255.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:1073741822}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:4194304}}
| 01******.********.********.********
|- style="color:maroon; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/3'''
| 64.0.0.0
| 95.255.255.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:536870912}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:2097152}}
| 010*****.********.********.********
|- style="color:maroon; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/4'''
| 64.0.0.0
| 79.255.255.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:268435456}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:1048576}}
| 0100****.********.********.********
|- style="color:maroon; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/5'''
| 64.0.0.0
| 71.255.255.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:134217728}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:524288}}
| 01000***.********.********.********
|- style="color:maroon; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/6'''
| 68.0.0.0
| 71.255.255.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:67108864}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:262144}}
| 010000**.********.********.********
|- style="color:maroon; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/7'''
| 68.0.0.0
| 69.255.255.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:33554432}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:131072}}
| 0100000*.********.********.********
|- style="color:red; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/8'''
| 69.0.0.0
| 69.255.255.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:16777216}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:65536}}
| 01000101.********.********.********
|- style="color:red; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/9'''
| 69.128.0.0
| 69.255.255.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:8388606}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:32768}}
| 01000101.1*******.********.********
|- style="color:red; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/10'''
| 69.192.0.0
| 69.255.255.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:4194302}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:16384}}
| 01000101.11******.********.********
|- style="color:red; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/11'''
| 69.192.0.0
| 69.223.255.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:2097152}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:8192}}
| 01000101.110*****.********.********
|- style="color:red; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/12'''
| 69.208.0.0
| 69.223.255.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:1048576}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:4096}}
| 01000101.1101****.********.********
|- style="color:red; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/13'''
| 69.208.0.0
| 69.215.255.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:524288}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:2048}}
| 01000101.11010***.********.********
|- style="color:red; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/14'''
| 69.208.0.0
| 69.211.255.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:262144}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:1024}}
| 01000101.110100**.********.********
|- style="color:red; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/15'''
| 69.208.0.0
| 69.209.255.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:131072}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:512}}
| 01000101.1101000*.********.********
|- style="color:orange; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/16'''
| 69.208.0.0
| 69.208.255.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:65536}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:256}}
| 01000101.11010000.********.********
|- style="color:orange; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/17'''
| 69.208.0.0
| 69.208.127.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:32768}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:128}}
| 01000101.11010000.0*******.********
|- style="color:orange; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/18'''
| 69.208.0.0
| 69.208.63.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:16384}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:64}}
| 01000101.11010000.00******.********
|- style="color:orange; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/19'''
| 69.208.0.0
| 69.208.31.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:8192}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:32}}
| 01000101.11010000.000*****.********
|- style="color:orange; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/20'''
| 69.208.0.0
| 69.208.15.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:4096}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:16}}
| 01000101.11010000.0000****.********
|- style="color:orange; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/21'''
| 69.208.0.0
| 69.208.7.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:2048}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:8}}
| 01000101.11010000.00000***.********
|- style="color:orange; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/22'''
| 69.208.0.0
| 69.208.3.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:1024}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:4}}
| 01000101.11010000.000000**.********
|- style="color:orange; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/23'''
| 69.208.0.0
| 69.208.1.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:512}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:2}}
| 01000101.11010000.0000000*.********
|- style="color:green; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/24'''
| 69.208.0.0
| 69.208.0.255
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:256}}
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:1}}
| 01000101.11010000.00000000.********
|- style="color:green; font-family:monospace,'Courier'"
!scope="row" | 69.208.0.0'''/25'''
| 69.208.0.0
| 69.208.0.127
| align=right style="font-family:sans-serif" | {{formatnum:128}}
| 
| 01000101.11010000.00000000.0*******
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<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Default limitation ==
</div>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The default MediaWiki installation limits range blocks to no larger than /16 IPv4 rangeblocks (65,536 addresses).</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">To block larger ranges {{ll|Manual:$wgBlockCIDRLimit|$wgBlockCIDRLimit}} needs to be set accordingly in {{ll|Manual:LocalSettings.php|LocalSettings.php}}.</span>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== Known problems ==
</div>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">One important already-known problem caused by any range-block, is that as side-effect they also block some trusted registered groups, like wiki administrators, users who do not need to be patrolled by others, and trusted bots.</span>
<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Details:</span>
[[phabricator:T309328]]

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== References ==
</div>
* <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[w:Classless Inter-Domain Routing|Classless Inter-Domain Routing]]</span>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
== External links ==
</div>

<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* [http://apps.csc.fi/laskin2.html Netmask calculator] which helps in making the correct decision for range blocks.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* [https://subnet.ninja Subnet Calculator] can help calculate prefix length and subnet mask for IPv4 and IPv6.
</div>
* [[toolforge:ftools/general/ip-range-calc.html|ftools]] <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">gives you the range you should use when blocking.</span>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* [http://subnet-calculator.org/ IPv4 and CIDR Calculator] gives you a breakdown of Hosts and IP Range for any Given Mask/CIDR and reverse.
</div>

[[Category:Help{{#translation:}}|Range blocks]]
[[Category:Block{{#translation:}}|Range blocks]]